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Yarn Wraps, Part 2: Using your wraps for design

2/19/2020

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From Wrap to Warp

A simple wrap
Click on any photo to zoom in

Designing a Warp

Once you have a wrap you like, how do you use it?

Try considering the wrap as a miniature warp, which will have only one repeat. For example, if your warp will be 500 threads, but your wrap is only 100 threads, measure 5 threads in the warp for every thread in the wrap. The final warp will look just like a “magnified” version of the wrap.
Another possibility is literally, thread by thread, repeating the wrap across the warp multiple times.
A mirror image warp could be done by measuring 3 threads for every wrap thread, with the second half of the warp measured as a mirror image of the first half.
The possibilities are endless!

1	Use the wrap once across the warp

2	Use the wrap once across the warp. Use a piece of the beginning (flipped) to balance

3	Flip the wrap and use it end to end Option 1

4	Flip the wrap and use it end to end Option 2

5	Repeat the warp over and over across the warp. Repeat the beginning of the warp to balance.

6	Repeat the warp over and over across the warp, but make the warp symmetrical from the center out.

Repeat the warp across the warp,
but try flipping the wrap end to end as you go.

Tips when designing for a warp

Do at least two repeats of your wrap to make sure the transition will be good from the end of the color order back to the beginning.
For neater selvedges, consider using a color similar to your weft color on the edge of your wrap (warp).
If symmetry is important, repeat the beginning section of your wrap on the end of your warp to “balance” the color sequence or flip the entire sequence to make a mirror image from the center out.
If you do not have the exact color you need, try using the yarns you have to get a blended color.
Single threads of a related color or contrasting color next to a stripe in your wrap can soften a transition between colors or make a transition “pop”, resulting in a more interesting wrap.

Think Weft

Your wrap might be inspiration for a weft faced weave or a tapestry.

Your wrap could also inspire a rug or a boundweave.

Do the Math

How many threads will you have in your warp?
How many threads are in your wrap sequence?
Do you want or need multiples of each thread in the wrap?
How many repeats of your wrap will you need across the warp ?
Remember to allow for that “balancing” stripe on the far end of the warp if you are planning for one.
It most likely will not work out exactly right, so now you need to “fudge” by going back to your wrap and adding or deleting threads here and there to get it to fit into your warp plan.

Challenge

Try doing a few yarn wraps
Choose your favorite and plan a project with it - maybe a scarf, a towel, a napkin...
Then weave that project.
Have fun!

The End - Whew!

-- Pattie Lamb

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Yarn Wraps, Part 1: Why, How & Finding Inspiration

2/18/2020

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Click on any photo to zoom in

Why Wrap?

Important tool in a weaver’s toolbox
Great way to do color studies
Inexpensive way to experiment with colorways for warp planning
Keep as part of your project record

Mechanics of making a yarn wrap

Needed:

Cardboard: 2” x 6-8” strips – preferably white
Double sided tape
Masking tape
Scissors
Yarn

Tip: Use a firm cardboard like a mat board.

Place 3 strips of double-sided tape on the back of a 2 x 6-8” cardboard strip.

Cut short pieces of yarn (1 - 2 yards) of each color you plan to use in the wrap

Secure the first color yarn on the tape on the back side of the card and begin wrapping snugly around the card.

When finished with that stripe, clip the yarn and secure on the back of the card on the tape

Begin the next color by securing it on the tape on the back of the card

Continue adding stripes of color until you have achieved the design you want.

It’s easy to add small stripes in between, reduce the size of a stripe, or take out a stripe and replace with a different color if needed.

When satisfied, cover the back with masking tape to secure.

Color inspirations for yarn wraps

Favorite photographs
Artwork
Scenes in nature
Favorite yarns or fabrics

Designing the wrap:
the artistic part of the work

Stripes can be random
Stripes can be inspired by the proportions of color in your artwork or fabric
Stripes can follow a mathematical pattern:
Fibonacci series: 1-1-2-3-5-8-13-21-34-55...
Rearranged Fibonacci: 5-1-8-2-13-1-3-8-5-13-21-8-3-5-1-13
Pascal’s triangle: 1-1-1-1-2-1-1-3-3-1-1-4-6-4-1-1-5-10-10-5-1…
Square numbers: 1-2-4-9-16-25-36….

Inspiration from yarns

Evolution of a wrap for napkins

1

2

3

Starting point

Replaced the purple and green with natural and aqua

Removed the white, added medium blue/navy blue combo stripes for dark blue & medium blue stripes, and in the center, added red and yellow accents

Result: 1 warp, 3 wefts, 3 napkins

Planning a blanket
A mixed wrap was made from assorted wool yarns.

Result:
The sample at right was woven with a black wool weft to determine the sett for a blanket.

Inspiration from fabric

From window treatment to wrap

Result: A set of cottolin dishtowels

Inspiration from artwork

Designing a rug
Peggy from the Triangle Weavers Guild was inspired by this painting to do a series of wraps

Result: A rep weave rug!

A class project

Leslie's wrap from a painting, done in a class setting

Result: A sample. In this case, the loom was warped with 2 different colors, and the wrap was woven as the weft!

Designing a napkin
Ruth Ann from the Triangle Weavers Guild used this painting from a calendar and a grid copied onto vellum to decide how much of each color to include in her wraps

Result: 2 wraps, the second of which was used to create a warp for the napkin.

First wrap

Second wrap

The napkin samples

Inspiration from a photo

Result: A cotton scarf

Split complementary color scheme

Fibonacci series used randomly for stripes

Result: a wool scarf

A color study using warm colors and Fibonacci series for the wrap.

Similar colors were used to design 2 ply-split braids.

Inspiration from nature

Fine threads can sometimes be used to “blend” together to get a desired color when the exact color you need is not on your shelf.

Inspiration from fashion

Primary Triad color scheme

Fibonacci series used randomly for stripes
(1-3-2-1-5-1-3-1-2-5-1-3-2-1-5-1-3-1-1-5)

Single threads of contrasting or related color help to break up large blocks of color and make the stripes more interesting.

Color study inspired by a photo

A color study using cool colors and Pascal’s Triangle (1-1-1-1-2-1-1-3-1-1-1-4-6-4) for the stripe proportions.

Using wraps for color studies

Complementary Color Study

Irregular stripes

Value contrast

Color gradation

Free choice

Aqua Blue Color Study

Light values

Medium values

Dark values

Mixed values

Using wraps for color studies

In this case I made a sample first of even sized blocks of colors to test how the colors interacted with different weft colors.

Then I planned a random warp strip for dishtowels using the wrap and the colors in the sample.

-- Pattie Lamb

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Knots, Knots, Knots: The Weaver's Knot & Beyond

2/7/2020

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Knots are a tough thing for some weavers to incorporate into their work process. They can be tricky to tie unless you have a bit of experience using them. It is definitely worth learning a few good knots because they are helpful with the entire warping process.
You will find the following knots described below, so grab some string and practice, practice (click on the links below to go directly to the knot description):

Where I use these knots:
Every weaver uses different combinations of ties and knots in their warping process. The following is simply the way this weaver uses these knots when warping back to front:
On the warping board:

Overhand loop knot on both ends of the guide string
Slip knot or Lark’s head knot to start a color on the starting peg
Overhand knot to join new color to old color at the cross end of the warp (because at the cross end, I want a permanent knot that won’t slip)
Slip knot to join new color to old color at the starting peg of the warp (so I can release the knot before cutting the warp chain loop for threading)
Infinity Tie placed at the cross is twined to count off 1” bouts as I measure the warp.
Tying off the warp chain:
- Infinity Tie secured with a simple bow tie
- Cross ties – simple bows on either side of the cross peg on each of the 4 “arms” of the cross
- Cinch ties (I use shoelaces) comprised of a tight double wrap around the warp secured with a half surgeon’s knot and a half bow. One about 12-18” from the cross and then one every yard along the warp.
- Pantyhose loops attached with lark’s head knots one on either side at the cross post and the starting posts of the warp chain.

On the loom:

Apron rods attached with adjustable closed loop cords formed with larks head knots and secured with overhand knots.
Slip knots used to secure 1” bouts in heddles and reed while threading
Warp bouts tied to front apron rod with half surgeon’s knots and secured with half bow

Sources:

IPad App: Knots 3D ($.99) – great little app shows knot tying in slow-mo, can save favorites.
You-tube videos
“The Weaver’s Companion” by Interweave Press

Lark’s Head Knot
This is the knot I use most in my studio. Can be used to:

Attach yarn to starting peg on warping board when measuring your warp
Attach pantyhose loops to warp chains
Attach apron rods to front and back of loom
Attach closed loop of cord to a stick like an apron rod
Attach warp bout to back beam apron rod for front to back warping
Temporarily attach one cord to another cord
Make an adjustable closed loop from one cord

Larks Head with continuous loop

Larks’s Head How-To Method 1 (use when using an unanchored cord or loop):
Fold cord in half, put loop end around whatever you are anchoring to (stick, other cord, or warp chain) and pull both ends of cord through its own loop. If using a closed loop, put one end of the loop around whatever you are anchoring to and pull the other end of the loop through that end of the loop and snug up.

Larks’s Head How-To Method 2 (when using an anchored cord or loop):
Place your right thumb and forefinger into the loop pointing away from you and spread the end of the loop out to form a triangle. Now bring your thumb and forefingers together around the sides of the triangle until your fingers touch. Use the fingers on your left hand to slide the “sides” of the triangle off of your right fingers to form the larks’s head loop. Insert stick, another cord, or warp bout into the loop as desired and tighten.

EXAMPLE: Closed cord loop attached to apron rod on one end and warp bout on the other – both with lark’s head knots

Larks’s Head How-To Method 3 (use when making an adjustable closed loop):
Fold cord in half with loop on the right side. Form the lark’s head loop as in Method 2. Insert the loose ends of the cord into the newly formed loop and snug up. Adjust your adjustable loop to the desired size and secure with a basic overhand knot with the loose ends (like the beginning of a bow knot when tying your shoes

EXAMPLE: Adjustable closed loop between two apron rods on front of the loom – formed with lark’s head knot and secured with a simple knot (first half of a square knot)

Basic Overhand Knot
Joining two cords or yarn by wrapping one around the other one time – like the beginning of a bow knot when you tie your shoes.

Overhand Knot
Permanent knot that ties 2 lengths of yarn together

Use to join 2 threads as a repair when a smaller knot is not needed
Use to join 2 threads when changing colors on the warping board at the cross end

When warping front to back, use to tie a bout of threads together before cinching to the back beam with a lark’s head loop (if that is your chosen method of tying on).
Use to secure fringe at the fell of the cloth when finishing a piece
Use to secure the end of a bout of twisted fringe

Overhand Knot How-To:
To join two pieces of yarn, lay the 2 pieces of yarn side by side, wrap the ends together around 2 or 3 fingers and pull both ends all the way through the loop on your fingers. Pull tight.
To secure the end of a bout of twisted fringe, wrap the end of the twisted fringe around 2 or 3 fingers and pull the cut end through the loop on your fingers. Pull tight.

Overhand Loop Knot
Knot that can be used at the end of a length of cord or yarn to create a permanent loop

Use an overhand loop knot at the ends of your guide thread on your warping board

Overhand Loop Knot How-To:
Depending on the size of the loop you need, fold end of yarn over, wrap the loop formed around 2 or 3 fingers and pull the end of the loop all the way through the loop on your fingers. Pull tight.

Slip Knot
Temporary knot to create a loop in the end of a length of yarn, for example to attach a length of yarn to a post

Useful for starting a new color on a warping board

Slip knot 2 strands together when changing colors on the warping board
Use to prevent bouts of yarn from pulling out of heddles or reed after sleying. Good practice to tie slip knots after sleying every inch or so.
Any time you need a temporary knot that can easily be untied

Slip Knot How-To:
Similar to the Overhand knot except you do not pull the end all the way through: With one piece of yarn proceed as if you were going to tie a basic overhand knot in the end of a single piece of yarn. Wrap the short end around 2 or 3 fingers and pull the short end through the loop on your fingers, but DO NOT PULL THE END ALL THE WAY THROUGH. Only pull the loop through, and snug up the loop (it helps to hold both the short and long ends while you snug). Now if you pull on the short end you can quickly release the knot.

Half Surgeon’s Knot (a.k.a.Double Overhand Knot)
More secure, non-slip start to a bow or half bow.

Great to use on the warping board for your cinch ties.
More secure start to tying your warp bouts to the apron rod on the loom. For added security, finish with a half bow on top of each half surgeon’s knot after you have tied all of your bouts across the warp.
Good way to start tying your shoes

EXAMPLE: Tying onto the front apron rod

Half Surgeon’s Knot How-To:
You know what you normally do to start tying your shoes – before the bow. This is the same; only you go around twice instead of once.

Half Bow
Used with a half surgeon’s knot (double overhand knot) to secure the knot or use instead of a normal “bunny ears” bow. Easier release than a bow.

Use instead of a bow anywhere you normally use a bunny ears bow.
Great to secure the surgeon's knot when tying onto the front apron rod.

Securing the surgeon's knot on the front apron rod

Half Bow Knot How-To:
Start like you would to tie you shoes (a basic overhand knot) or with a half surgeon’s knot (a double overhand knot). Hold the cord that is in your left hand taut and push it toward the right with your left index finger. With the cord in your right hand, make one “bunny ear” bow around the cord in your left hand, pull it through, and snug it up.

Weaver’s Knot
A tie to join two pieces of thread or yarn. Very secure and makes a small knot.

Traditional weaver’s choice of knot used to repair a broken thread on the loom.
Used for tying on a new warp end to an old warp end
Forgive me if my instructions are not clear (I rarely use this knot). Refer to online YouTube videos or the Knots-3D app for clarity

Weaver’s Knot How To Method 1:
Make a loop in the end of cord 1 and hold in your left hand. Poke the end of cord 2 up through the loop (back to front) and pass it around the loop (over the top, behind and out from the bottom). Now poke the end of cord 2 behind itself but in front of the loop formed by cord 1. Tighten.

Weaver’s Knot How To Method 2:
Make a slip knot in the end of cord 1 (red) and hold in your left hand. Poke the end of cord 2 (blue) up through the slip knot. Pull both ends of the slip knot tight. You should feel a “snap” as the knot tightens around cord 2.

Square Knot
A tie to join two pieces of thread or yarn. A more secure version of a Granny knot. It is this weaver’s opinion that this knot is easier to tie than the weaver’s knot

Can be used to repair a broken thread on the loom.

Can be used for tying a new warp end to an old warp end although some believe the weaver’s knot to be more secure

Square Knot How-To:
Tie 2 cords together as follows. Take the left cord in front of and around the right one. It is now on the right. Take the “new” right cord (in other word, continue tying with the same cord) in front of and around the cord on the left. Snug up the knot. Your Mantra:” Left over right, right over left.”

Counting Thread or Infinity Tie
A single cord that twines in and out of a warp chain to divide into sections. You can use any scrap yarn for this. Shoelaces work well and last forever. Secure with a simple bow or half bow.

Use to section off bouts of warp into 1” sections for warping or ½” sections for laying into the raddle.

Half Hitch
A twist placed in the yarn to create a basic overhand knot when the free end is not available.

Use it to wrap around the bobbin holding a weight for a repair warp thread or floating selvedge – allows easy advancing of thread when needed, while preventing slipping while the weight dangles off the back of the loom.

Repair “Knot”
Nothing more than a figure eight around a T-pin of the loose end of the repair thread. Pin the t-pin into the woven cloth, wind the repair end around the T-pin “figure-8-wise” 2 or 3 times, and insert the end of the pin into the cloth to secure.

A new way to tie your shoes
Bet you thought you knew how to do this! This is a free tip passed on to you by a mom with a medical background who got tired of re-tying her kids’ shoes:

Tie the first pass with a Half Surgeon’s Knot, then tie with a double bow (bow on top of another bow). Your shoes will RARELY come untied! Why should this be for kids only?? I hate bending over!

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Yarn Wraps, Part 2: Using your wraps for design

Yarn Wraps, Part 1: Why, How & Finding Inspiration

Knots, Knots, Knots: The Weaver's Knot & Beyond

Pattie Lamb

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